The facility contains three isolated exposure laborato-
ries, each with single-pass climate control, independent
lighting, and capability for bench-level treatment of
effluents, along with multiple effluent discharge options.
Most long-term bioassays are conducted in special cham-
bers designed for specific exposures (Manning et al., 1999).
Such chambers are large, ranging from about 4 × 10 ft to
about 8 × 14 ft. They are completely self-contained and
equipped with gloved or hinged ports or sliding glass doors.
Water baths maintain the temperature within prescribed
ranges and lighting systems provide the appropriate photo-
period and mimic dusk and dawn. Diluters and water par-
titioners meet the wide variety of exposures demanded for
testing single compounds, complex chemical mixtures, sedi-
ments, and drilling fluids, and mixed effluents. Special tech-
niques, including using grinder pumps, saturation columns,
and stirred carboys, were developed for working with rela-
tively insoluble materials (polyaromatic hydrocarbons, di-
butyltin, chlorinated hydrocarbons), providing a preferable
alternative to using solvents or carriers.
Services
Embryos, fry, or adult fish are provided to researchers
at minimal cost. Collaborations are encouraged with other
investigators interested in using exposure technologies and
pathology facilities of the laboratory.
Contacts
William E. Hawkins: william.hawkins@usm.edu; Steve
Manning (toxicology; exposure systems): steve.manning@
usm.edu; Sue Barnes (animal husbandry); sue.barnes@
usm.edu; Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, The University
of Southern Mississippi, PO Box 7000, 703 East Beach Drive
(for parcel delivery), Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA; tele-
phone: 228-875-2244; fax: 228-872-4204.
THE ZEBRAFISH INTERNATIONAL
RESOURCE CENTER
Program Description
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) emerged recently as an important
organism to study vertebrate development and genetics.
Powerful techniques allow mutations to be efficiently gen-
erated and recovered. Ongoing genetic screens have identi-
fied over 7000 mutations in zebrafish affecting genes that
regulate developmental patterns, organogenesis, physiology,
and behavior. The functions of many of these genes are
conserved among vertebrate groups. Thus, analyzing ze-
brafish mutations provides insights into gene functions in
other vertebrates, including humans.
The mission of the Zebrafish International Resource
Center is to provide a central repository for wild-type and
mutant strains of zebrafish, and for materials and informa-
tion about research on them. The resource center is housed
on the University of Oregon campus in Eugene. Detailed
information about the center is found on the worldwide
web and in numerous publications that describe the centers
activities, including Sprague et al. (2001) and Westerfield et
al. (1999). Materials and zebrafish strains are distributed to
the research community. Pathology services are provided
for diagnosing disease. Standards and procedures for main-
taining healthy strains of zebrafish are being developed and
a manual is being prepared on preventing, diagnosing and
treating diseases in zebrafish.
Services
Healthy stocks of zebrafish and frozen sperm are main-
tained and distributed to the research community. Strains
of wild-type fish and lines carrying mutations and trans-
genes are accepted from the research community, main-
tained, and distributed upon request. Embryos preserved in
fixative at various developmental stages are available from
these lines for histological, biochemical, or molecular bio-
logical studies. Researchers are welcome to visit the resource
center to screen the collection for mutations or to learn
procedures. To submit fish or sperm or to order fish or
embryos, e-mail: fish_requests@zfin.org.
Advice is given about the health of zebrafish. Diseased
fish and tissue samples may be sent to the resource center
for pathological analysis. Antibodies, gene probes, and
other markers to analyze wild-type and mutant stocks as
well as zebrafish cell lines are received, stored, and distrib-
uted. An on-line database (ZFIN; http://zfin.org) contains
information about research including data on genetics, ge-
nomics, and development. Information about the resources
and services provided by the resource center are available, as
is a list of zebrafish researchers, laboratories, and publica-
tions. ZFIN integrates information related to the genetic
map being generated by the zebrafish genome initiative and
provides links to related information about genes in other
species-specific databases. Researchers can use ZFIN to reg-
ister and submit to the nomenclature committee new names
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William E. Hawkins et al.
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